Everything about Refining totally explained
Refining is the process of
purification of a
substance. The term is usually used of a
natural resource that's almost in a usable form, but which is more useful in its pure form. For instance, most types of natural
petroleum will burn straight from the ground, but it'll burn poorly and quickly clog an engine with residues and byproducts. The term is broad, and may include more drastic transformations, such as the reduction of
ore to
metal (for which see
Refining (metallurgy)).
The refining of
liquids is often accomplished by
distillation or
fractionation.
Gases can be refined in this way as well, by being cooled and/or compressed until they liquefy. Gases and liquids can also be refined by
extraction with a selective
solvent that dissolves away either the substance of interest, or the unwanted impurities.
Many
solids can be refined by growing
crystals in a
solution of the impure material; the regular structure of the crystal tends to favor the desired material and exclude other kinds of particles.
Chemical reactions are often used to remove impurities of particular types.
The use of
silicon and other
semiconductors in
electronics is highly dependent on precise control of impurities, and a number of special techniques have been developed, such as
zone refining.
Types of materials that are usually refined:
Further Information
Get more info on 'Refining'.
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